java.lang.Object
- io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder<T>

Type Parameters:

T - The concrete type of this builder.

Direct Known Subclasses:

ForwardingChannelBuilder2
```
public abstract class ManagedChannelBuilder<T extends ManagedChannelBuilder<T>>
extends java.lang.Object
```
A builder for ManagedChannel instances.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor Description

ManagedChannelBuilder()

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Abstract Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`abstract ManagedChannel`	`build()`	Builds a channel using the given parameters.
`abstract T`	`compressorRegistry(CompressorRegistry registry)`	Set the compression registry for use in the channel.
`abstract T`	`decompressorRegistry(DecompressorRegistry registry)`	Set the decompression registry for use in the channel.
`T`	`defaultLoadBalancingPolicy(java.lang.String policy)`	Sets the default load-balancing policy that will be used if the service config doesn't specify one.
`T`	`defaultServiceConfig(java.util.Map<java.lang.String,?> serviceConfig)`	Provides a service config to the channel.
`abstract T`	`directExecutor()`	Execute application code directly in the transport thread.
`T`	`disableRetry()`	Disables the retry and hedging subsystem provided by the gRPC library.
`T`	`disableServiceConfigLookUp()`	Disables service config look-up from the naming system, which is enabled by default.
`T`	`enableFullStreamDecompression()`	Enables full-stream decompression of inbound streams.
`T`	`enableRetry()`	Enables the retry and hedging subsystem which will use per-method configuration.
`abstract T`	`executor(java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)`	Provides a custom executor.
`static ManagedChannelBuilder<?>`	`forAddress(java.lang.String name, int port)`	Creates a channel with the target's address and port number.
`static ManagedChannelBuilder<?>`	`forTarget(java.lang.String target)`	Creates a channel with a target string, which can be either a valid `NameResolver`-compliant URI, or an authority string.
`abstract T`	`idleTimeout(long value, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)`	Set the duration without ongoing RPCs before going to idle mode.
`abstract T`	`intercept(ClientInterceptor... interceptors)`	Adds interceptors that will be called before the channel performs its real work.
`abstract T`	`intercept(java.util.List<ClientInterceptor> interceptors)`	Adds interceptors that will be called before the channel performs its real work.
`T`	`keepAliveTime(long keepAliveTime, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)`	Sets the time without read activity before sending a keepalive ping.
`T`	`keepAliveTimeout(long keepAliveTimeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)`	Sets the time waiting for read activity after sending a keepalive ping.
`T`	`keepAliveWithoutCalls(boolean enable)`	Sets whether keepalive will be performed when there are no outstanding RPC on a connection.
`T`	`maxHedgedAttempts(int maxHedgedAttempts)`	Sets the maximum number of hedged attempts that may be configured by the service config.
`T`	`maxInboundMessageSize(int bytes)`	Sets the maximum message size allowed to be received on the channel.
`T`	`maxInboundMetadataSize(int bytes)`	Sets the maximum size of metadata allowed to be received.
`T`	`maxRetryAttempts(int maxRetryAttempts)`	Sets the maximum number of retry attempts that may be configured by the service config.
`T`	`maxTraceEvents(int maxTraceEvents)`	Sets the maximum number of channel trace events to keep in the tracer for each channel or subchannel.
`abstract T`	`nameResolverFactory(NameResolver.Factory resolverFactory)`	Deprecated. Most usages should use a globally-registered `NameResolverProvider` instead, with either the SPI mechanism or `NameResolverRegistry.register(io.grpc.NameResolverProvider)`.
`T`	`offloadExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)`	Provides a custom executor that will be used for operations that block or are expensive, to avoid blocking asynchronous code paths.
`abstract T`	`overrideAuthority(java.lang.String authority)`	Overrides the authority used with TLS and HTTP virtual hosting.
`T`	`perRpcBufferLimit(long bytes)`	Sets the per RPC buffer limit in bytes used for retry.
`T`	`proxyDetector(ProxyDetector proxyDetector)`	Sets the proxy detector to be used in addresses name resolution.
`T`	`retryBufferSize(long bytes)`	Sets the retry buffer size in bytes.
`T`	`setBinaryLog(BinaryLog binaryLog)`	Sets the BinaryLog object that this channel should log to.
`T`	`usePlaintext()`	Use of a plaintext connection to the server.
`abstract T`	`userAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)`	Provides a custom `User-Agent` for the application.
`T`	`useTransportSecurity()`	Makes the client use TLS.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Constructor Detail
- ManagedChannelBuilder
```
public ManagedChannelBuilder()
```

Method Detail

forAddress
```
public static ManagedChannelBuilder<?> forAddress(java.lang.String name,
                                                  int port)
```
Creates a channel with the target's address and port number.
Note that there is an open JDK bug on URI class parsing an ipv6 scope ID: bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8199396. This method is exposed to this bug. If you experience an issue, a work-around is to convert the scope ID to its numeric form (e.g. by using Inet6Address.getScopeId()) before calling this method.

Since:

1.0.0

See Also:

forTarget(String)

forTarget
```
public static ManagedChannelBuilder<?> forTarget(java.lang.String target)
```
Creates a channel with a target string, which can be either a valid NameResolver-compliant URI, or an authority string.
A NameResolver-compliant URI is an absolute hierarchical URI as defined by URI. Example URIs:
- "dns:///foo.googleapis.com:8080"
- "dns:///foo.googleapis.com"
- "dns:///%5B2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348%5D:443"
- "dns://8.8.8.8/foo.googleapis.com:8080"
- "dns://8.8.8.8/foo.googleapis.com"
- "zookeeper://zk.example.com:9900/example_service"
An authority string will be converted to a NameResolver-compliant URI, which has the scheme from the name resolver with the highest priority (e.g. "dns"), no authority, and the original authority string as its path after properly escaped. We recommend libraries to specify the schema explicitly if it is known, since libraries cannot know which NameResolver will be default during runtime. Example authority strings:
- "localhost"
- "127.0.0.1"
- "localhost:8080"
- "foo.googleapis.com:8080"
- "127.0.0.1:8080"
- "[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]"
- "[2001:db8:85a3:8d3:1319:8a2e:370:7348]:443"
Note that there is an open JDK bug on URI class parsing an ipv6 scope ID: bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8199396. This method is exposed to this bug. If you experience an issue, a work-around is to convert the scope ID to its numeric form (e.g. by using Inet6Address.getScopeId()) before calling this method.
Since:

1.0.0

directExecutor
```
public abstract T directExecutor()
```
Execute application code directly in the transport thread.
Depending on the underlying transport, using a direct executor may lead to substantial performance improvements. However, it also requires the application to not block under any circumstances.
Calling this method is semantically equivalent to calling executor(Executor) and passing in a direct executor. However, this is the preferred way as it may allow the transport to perform special optimizations.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

executor
```
public abstract T executor(java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)
```
Provides a custom executor.
It's an optional parameter. If the user has not provided an executor when the channel is built, the builder will use a static cached thread pool.
The channel won't take ownership of the given executor. It's caller's responsibility to shut down the executor when it's desired.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

offloadExecutor
```
public T offloadExecutor(java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)
```
Provides a custom executor that will be used for operations that block or are expensive, to avoid blocking asynchronous code paths. For example, DNS queries and OAuth token fetching over HTTP could use this executor.
It's an optional parameter. If the user has not provided an executor when the channel is built, the builder will use a static cached thread pool.
The channel won't take ownership of the given executor. It's caller's responsibility to shut down the executor when it's desired.

Returns:

this

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if unsupported

Since:

1.25.0

intercept
```
public abstract T intercept(java.util.List<ClientInterceptor> interceptors)
```
Adds interceptors that will be called before the channel performs its real work. This is functionally equivalent to using ClientInterceptors.intercept(Channel, List), but while still having access to the original ManagedChannel. Interceptors run in the reverse order in which they are added, just as with consecutive calls to ClientInterceptors.intercept().

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

intercept
```
public abstract T intercept(ClientInterceptor... interceptors)
```
Adds interceptors that will be called before the channel performs its real work. This is functionally equivalent to using ClientInterceptors.intercept(Channel, ClientInterceptor...), but while still having access to the original ManagedChannel. Interceptors run in the reverse order in which they are added, just as with consecutive calls to ClientInterceptors.intercept().

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

userAgent
```
public abstract T userAgent(java.lang.String userAgent)
```
Provides a custom User-Agent for the application.
It's an optional parameter. The library will provide a user agent independent of this option. If provided, the given agent will prepend the library's user agent information.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

overrideAuthority
```
public abstract T overrideAuthority(java.lang.String authority)
```
Overrides the authority used with TLS and HTTP virtual hosting. It does not change what host is actually connected to. Is commonly in the form host:port.
If the channel builder overrides authority, any authority override from name resolution result (via EquivalentAddressGroup.ATTR_AUTHORITY_OVERRIDE) will be discarded.
This method is intended for testing, but may safely be used outside of tests as an alternative to DNS overrides.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

usePlaintext
```
public T usePlaintext()
```
Use of a plaintext connection to the server. By default a secure connection mechanism such as TLS will be used.
Should only be used for testing or for APIs where the use of such API or the data exchanged is not sensitive.
This assumes prior knowledge that the target of this channel is using plaintext. It will not perform HTTP/1.1 upgrades.

Returns:

this

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalStateException - if ChannelCredentials were provided when constructing the builder

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if plaintext mode is not supported.

Since:

1.11.0

useTransportSecurity
```
public T useTransportSecurity()
```
Makes the client use TLS. Note: this is enabled by default.
It is recommended to use the ChannelCredentials API instead of this method.

Returns:

this

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalStateException - if ChannelCredentials were provided when constructing the builder

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if transport security is not supported.

Since:

1.9.0

nameResolverFactory
```
@Deprecated
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1770")
public abstract T nameResolverFactory(NameResolver.Factory resolverFactory)
```
Deprecated.
Most usages should use a globally-registered NameResolverProvider instead, with either the SPI mechanism or NameResolverRegistry.register(io.grpc.NameResolverProvider). Replacements for all use-cases are not necessarily available yet. See #7133.

Provides a custom NameResolver.Factory for the channel. If this method is not called, the builder will try the providers registered in the default NameResolverRegistry for the given target.
This method should rarely be used, as name resolvers should provide a NameResolverProvider and users rely on service loading to find implementations in the class path. That allows application's configuration to easily choose the name resolver via the 'target' string passed to forTarget(String).

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

defaultLoadBalancingPolicy
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1771")
public T defaultLoadBalancingPolicy(java.lang.String policy)
```
Sets the default load-balancing policy that will be used if the service config doesn't specify one. If not set, the default will be the "pick_first" policy.
Policy implementations are looked up in the default LoadBalancerRegistry.
This method is implemented by all stock channel builders that are shipped with gRPC, but may not be implemented by custom channel builders, in which case this method will throw.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.18.0

enableFullStreamDecompression
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/3399")
public T enableFullStreamDecompression()
```
Enables full-stream decompression of inbound streams. This will cause the channel's outbound headers to advertise support for GZIP compressed streams, and gRPC servers which support the feature may respond with a GZIP compressed stream.
EXPERIMENTAL: This method is here to enable an experimental feature, and may be changed or removed once the feature is stable.

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if unsupported

Since:

1.7.0

decompressorRegistry
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1704")
public abstract T decompressorRegistry(DecompressorRegistry registry)
```
Set the decompression registry for use in the channel. This is an advanced API call and shouldn't be used unless you are using custom message encoding. The default supported decompressors are in DecompressorRegistry.getDefaultInstance().

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

compressorRegistry
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/1704")
public abstract T compressorRegistry(CompressorRegistry registry)
```
Set the compression registry for use in the channel. This is an advanced API call and shouldn't be used unless you are using custom message encoding. The default supported compressors are in CompressorRegistry.getDefaultInstance().

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

idleTimeout
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/2022")
public abstract T idleTimeout(long value,
                              java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
```
Set the duration without ongoing RPCs before going to idle mode.
In idle mode the channel shuts down all connections, the NameResolver and the LoadBalancer. A new RPC would take the channel out of idle mode. A channel starts in idle mode. Defaults to 30 minutes.
This is an advisory option. Do not rely on any specific behavior related to this option.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.0.0

maxInboundMessageSize
```
public T maxInboundMessageSize(int bytes)
```
Sets the maximum message size allowed to be received on the channel. If not called, defaults to 4 MiB. The default provides protection to clients who haven't considered the possibility of receiving large messages while trying to be large enough to not be hit in normal usage.
This method is advisory, and implementations may decide to not enforce this. Currently, the only known transport to not enforce this is InProcessTransport.

Parameters:

bytes - the maximum number of bytes a single message can be.

Returns:

this

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if bytes is negative.

Since:

1.1.0

maxInboundMetadataSize
```
public T maxInboundMetadataSize(int bytes)
```
Sets the maximum size of metadata allowed to be received. Integer.MAX_VALUE disables the enforcement. The default is implementation-dependent, but is not generally less than 8 KiB and may be unlimited.
This is cumulative size of the metadata. The precise calculation is implementation-dependent, but implementations are encouraged to follow the calculation used for HTTP/2's SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE. It sums the bytes from each entry's key and value, plus 32 bytes of overhead per entry.

Parameters:

bytes - the maximum size of received metadata

Returns:

this

Throws:

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - if bytes is non-positive

Since:

1.17.0

keepAliveTime
```
public T keepAliveTime(long keepAliveTime,
                       java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
```
Sets the time without read activity before sending a keepalive ping. An unreasonably small value might be increased, and Long.MAX_VALUE nano seconds or an unreasonably large value will disable keepalive. Defaults to infinite.
Clients must receive permission from the service owner before enabling this option. Keepalives can increase the load on services and are commonly "invisible" making it hard to notice when they are causing excessive load. Clients are strongly encouraged to use only as small of a value as necessary.

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if unsupported

Since:

1.7.0

See Also:

gRFC A8 Client-side Keepalive

keepAliveTimeout
```
public T keepAliveTimeout(long keepAliveTimeout,
                          java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit timeUnit)
```
Sets the time waiting for read activity after sending a keepalive ping. If the time expires without any read activity on the connection, the connection is considered dead. An unreasonably small value might be increased. Defaults to 20 seconds.
This value should be at least multiple times the RTT to allow for lost packets.

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if unsupported

Since:

1.7.0

See Also:

gRFC A8 Client-side Keepalive

keepAliveWithoutCalls
```
public T keepAliveWithoutCalls(boolean enable)
```
Sets whether keepalive will be performed when there are no outstanding RPC on a connection. Defaults to false.
Clients must receive permission from the service owner before enabling this option. Keepalives on unused connections can easilly accidentally consume a considerable amount of bandwidth and CPU. idleTimeout() should generally be used instead of this option.

Throws:

java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException - if unsupported

Since:

1.7.0

See Also:

keepAliveTime(long, TimeUnit), gRFC A8 Client-side Keepalive

maxRetryAttempts
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/3982")
public T maxRetryAttempts(int maxRetryAttempts)
```
Sets the maximum number of retry attempts that may be configured by the service config. If the service config specifies a larger value it will be reduced to this value. Setting this number to zero is not effectively the same as disableRetry() because the former does not disable transparent retry.
This method may not work as expected for the current release because retry is not fully implemented yet.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.11.0

maxHedgedAttempts
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/3982")
public T maxHedgedAttempts(int maxHedgedAttempts)
```
Sets the maximum number of hedged attempts that may be configured by the service config. If the service config specifies a larger value it will be reduced to this value.
This method may not work as expected for the current release because retry is not fully implemented yet.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.11.0

retryBufferSize
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/3982")
public T retryBufferSize(long bytes)
```
Sets the retry buffer size in bytes. If the buffer limit is exceeded, no RPC could retry at the moment, and in hedging case all hedges but one of the same RPC will cancel. The implementation may only estimate the buffer size being used rather than count the exact physical memory allocated. The method does not have any effect if retry is disabled by the client.
This method may not work as expected for the current release because retry is not fully implemented yet.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.10.0

perRpcBufferLimit
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/3982")
public T perRpcBufferLimit(long bytes)
```
Sets the per RPC buffer limit in bytes used for retry. The RPC is not retriable if its buffer limit is exceeded. The implementation may only estimate the buffer size being used rather than count the exact physical memory allocated. It does not have any effect if retry is disabled by the client.
This method may not work as expected for the current release because retry is not fully implemented yet.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.10.0

disableRetry
```
public T disableRetry()
```
Disables the retry and hedging subsystem provided by the gRPC library. This is designed for the case when users have their own retry implementation and want to avoid their own retry taking place simultaneously with the gRPC library layer retry.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.11.0

enableRetry
```
public T enableRetry()
```
Enables the retry and hedging subsystem which will use per-method configuration. If a method is unconfigured, it will be limited to transparent retries, which are safe for non-idempotent RPCs. Service config is ideally provided by the name resolver, but may also be specified via defaultServiceConfig(java.util.Map<java.lang.String, ?>).

Returns:

this

Since:

1.11.0

setBinaryLog
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/4017")
public T setBinaryLog(BinaryLog binaryLog)
```
Sets the BinaryLog object that this channel should log to. The channel does not take ownership of the object, and users are responsible for calling Closeable.close().

Parameters:

binaryLog - the object to provide logging.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.13.0

maxTraceEvents
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/4471")
public T maxTraceEvents(int maxTraceEvents)
```
Sets the maximum number of channel trace events to keep in the tracer for each channel or subchannel. If set to 0, channel tracing is effectively disabled.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.13.0

proxyDetector
```
public T proxyDetector(ProxyDetector proxyDetector)
```
Sets the proxy detector to be used in addresses name resolution. If null is passed the default proxy detector will be used. For how proxies work in gRPC, please refer to the documentation on ProxyDetector.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.19.0

defaultServiceConfig

@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/5189")
public T defaultServiceConfig(@Nullable
                              java.util.Map<java.lang.String,?> serviceConfig)

Provides a service config to the channel. The channel will use the default service config when the name resolver provides no service config or if the channel disables lookup service config from name resolver (see disableServiceConfigLookUp()). The argument serviceConfig is a nested map representing a Json object in the most natural way:

Json entry	Java Type
object	`Map`
array	`List`
string	`String`
number	`Double`
boolean	`Boolean`
null	`null`

If null is passed, then there will be no default service config.

Your preferred JSON parser may not produce results in the format expected. For such cases, you can convert its output. For example, if your parser produces Integers and other Numbers in addition to Double:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 private static Object convertNumbers(Object o) {
   if (o instanceof Map) {
     ((Map) o).replaceAll((k,v) -> convertNumbers(v));
   } else if (o instanceof List) {
     ((List) o).replaceAll(YourClass::convertNumbers);
   } else if (o instanceof Number && !(o instanceof Double)) {
     o = ((Number) o).doubleValue();
   }
   return o;
 }

Returns:: this
Throws:: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - When the given serviceConfig is invalid or the current version of grpc library can not parse it gracefully. The state of the builder is unchanged if an exception is thrown.
Since:: 1.20.0

disableServiceConfigLookUp
```
@ExperimentalApi("https://github.com/grpc/grpc-java/issues/5189")
public T disableServiceConfigLookUp()
```
Disables service config look-up from the naming system, which is enabled by default.

Returns:

this

Since:

1.20.0

build
```
public abstract ManagedChannel build()
```
Builds a channel using the given parameters.

Since:

1.0.0

Class ManagedChannelBuilder<T extends ManagedChannelBuilder<T>>

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

ManagedChannelBuilder

Method Detail

forAddress

forTarget

directExecutor

executor

offloadExecutor

intercept

intercept

userAgent

overrideAuthority

usePlaintext

useTransportSecurity

nameResolverFactory

defaultLoadBalancingPolicy

enableFullStreamDecompression

decompressorRegistry

compressorRegistry

idleTimeout

maxInboundMessageSize

maxInboundMetadataSize

keepAliveTime

keepAliveTimeout

keepAliveWithoutCalls

maxRetryAttempts

maxHedgedAttempts

retryBufferSize

perRpcBufferLimit

disableRetry

enableRetry

setBinaryLog

maxTraceEvents

proxyDetector

defaultServiceConfig

disableServiceConfigLookUp

build